Analysis of Cocoa Fruit Rot and Economic Losses on Farmers
Published:
2026-11-03Downloads
Abstract
Cocoa fruit rot caused by Phytophthora palmivora is the main obstacle to smallholder cocoa production in Indonesia because it reduces crop yields, increases control costs, and reduces farmers' income. This study aims to analyze the rate of attack, yield loss, control costs, income changes, and estimated economic losses of farmers in Anreapi sub-district and Polewali Mandar district, West Sulawesi. The study used a descriptive quantitative approach through a survey of 60 farmers grouped according to control practices, accompanied by direct observation of 14,400 cocoa fruits. The attack rate was calculated using the formula of incidence and intensity of the disease, while the economic loss was calculated from the value of yield loss plus the cost of control. The results showed an average incidence of disease of 25.5% with an intensity of 19.0%. Yield loss reached 197.5 kg of dry beans/ha/year or 25.3% of potential production. The average economic loss was Rp13.71 million/ha/year, equivalent to a 36.3% decrease in potential income. The highest losses occurred to farmers without control (Rp17.64 million/ha), while integrated control reduced losses to Rp10.70 million/ha. Cocoa fruit rot caused large economic losses, and proper sanitation, pruning, and fungicide-based control was economically feasible for farmers.
Keywords:
Cocoa Fruit Rot Yield Loss Economic Loss Farmer Income Phytophthora palmivoraReferences
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