Authorship Criteria

The Economics and Business Journal (ECBIS) recognizes authorship as an important academic responsibility that reflects substantial intellectual contributions to the conception, design, execution, analysis, or interpretation of research. Authorship must accurately represent each contributor’s role in the research and manuscript preparation.

1. Criteria for Authorship

To qualify as an author of a manuscript submitted to ECBIS, an individual must meet the following criteria:

  1. Substantial Contribution: Have made a significant intellectual contribution to the conception or design of the study, the acquisition of data, or the analysis and interpretation of research findings.

  2. Manuscript Preparation: Have participated in drafting the manuscript or critically revising it for important intellectual content.

  3. Final Approval: Have reviewed and approved the final version of the manuscript before submission and agreed to its publication if accepted.

  4. Accountability: Have agreed to be accountable for their contributions and to help ensure that questions concerning the accuracy or integrity of any part of the research are appropriately investigated and resolved.

All individuals designated as authors must satisfy these criteria. Contributors who do not meet the authorship requirements should be acknowledged appropriately, with their permission.

2. Corresponding Author Responsibilities

The corresponding author serves as the primary contact between the editorial office and the authors throughout the submission, peer-review, revision, and publication processes. The corresponding author is responsible for:

  • Ensuring that all eligible authors are included in the manuscript and that no individual is listed without a legitimate contribution.

  • Confirming that all authors have approved the final manuscript and agreed to its submission to ECBIS.

  • Providing accurate author names, institutional affiliations, email addresses, and other required submission information.

  • Communicating editorial decisions, revision requests, and publication updates to all co-authors.

  • Ensuring that the manuscript is original, has not been published previously, and is not under consideration by another journal.

  • Disclosing relevant conflicts of interest, funding sources, and other information required by the journal.

3. Author Order and Changes in Authorship

The order of authors should reflect the relative contributions agreed upon by the authors before submission. ECBIS does not prescribe a universal author-order convention because practices may differ across disciplines.

Any request to add, remove, or reorder authors after submission must be justified in writing and approved by all authors, including those being added or removed where applicable. The journal may suspend editorial processing while the request is evaluated.

4. Contributions That Do Not Qualify for Authorship

Activities such as administrative support, routine data collection without substantial intellectual contribution, funding acquisition alone, language editing, proofreading, or general supervision do not independently justify authorship.

Individuals who provide such assistance may be recognized in the Acknowledgments section, provided their contributions are accurately described and their permission has been obtained.

5. Research Integrity and Unethical Authorship

ECBIS does not permit:

  • Gift or honorary authorship: Listing individuals who have not made a qualifying contribution.

  • Ghost authorship: Omitting individuals who have made substantial contributions without appropriate disclosure.

  • Guest authorship: Including names primarily to increase the perceived credibility of a manuscript.

  • Misrepresentation of contributions: Providing inaccurate statements about an author's role in the research.

Suspected authorship disputes or violations may be investigated by the editorial team in accordance with the journal's publication ethics policies. Appropriate action may include requesting clarification, correcting the published record, rejecting a manuscript, or taking other measures consistent with the seriousness of the case.

6. Use of Artificial Intelligence

Artificial intelligence (AI) tools cannot be listed as authors because they cannot assume responsibility for the integrity, accuracy, and accountability of scholarly work. Authors remain fully responsible for the content of their manuscripts, including material generated or assisted by AI tools.

The use of AI tools must be disclosed when required by ECBIS policy, particularly when such tools are used to generate substantive text, analyze data, or produce research content. AI tools must not replace the authors' intellectual responsibility or be used to fabricate data, references, or research findings.

7. Author Declarations

By submitting a manuscript to ECBIS, the corresponding author confirms that all listed authors meet the journal's authorship criteria, have approved the submitted version, and agree to be accountable for their contributions. The authors also confirm that the information provided about authorship and individual contributions is accurate and complete.

ECBIS reserves the right to request additional information about authorship and contributor roles whenever necessary to maintain transparency, accountability, and publication integrity.