The Triple Burden Challenge: A Study on the Association of ZIS, GRDP, and Open Unemployment with Indonesia's Poverty Rate
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2026-11-14Downloads
Abstract
Addressing persistent poverty alongside regional economic disparities and labor market inefficiencies presents a triple burden challenge for Indonesia's sustainable development. This study aims to analyze the association of zakat, infaq, and alms (ZIS), gross regional domestic product (GRDP), and the open unemployment rate (TPT) with poverty rates across Indonesian provinces over a multi-year period. Utilizing secondary panel data, this research applies a Random Effects Model (REM) to capture cross-provincial variations over time. The empirical findings demonstrate that ZIS, GRDP, and TPT are jointly and significantly associated with provincial poverty rates. Individually, however, only TPT exhibits a statistically significant association, whereas ZIS and GRDP show no statistically significant partial associations. The inverse relationship between TPT and poverty contradicts conventional economic theory and represents a structural anomaly warranting further empirical inquiry, potentially linked to the buffering capacity of the informal sector or measurement constraints within open unemployment indicators. Furthermore, the low explanatory power of the model indicates that the primary drivers of regional poverty variation lie beyond the observed variables. Given the observational panel framework, these results reflect statistical associations rather than strict causal effects. Consequently, overcoming this triple burden requires integrated policy synergy combining productive ZIS distribution, inclusive regional economic growth, and formal job creation
Keywords:
Triple Burden ZIS Gross Regional Domestic Product Open Unemployment Rate Poverty Rate Random Effects ModelReferences
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