The Influence Of Work Environment, Organizational Culture, And Involvement On Performance With Lean Manufacturing As A Mediating Variable In Tjiwi Kimia Tbk Paper Mill Employees.
DOI:
10.47353/ecbis.v4i3.312Published:
2026-04-18Downloads
Abstract
This study aims to analyze the influence of the work environment, organizational culture, and employee engagement on employee performance with Lean Manufacturing as a mediating variable. The research population amounted to 255 employees consisting of various levels of positions, with a sample of 154 respondents selected using proportional sampling techniques in 4 sections/divisions. Data collection was carried out through a questionnaire with a Likert scale and analyzed using the Structural Equation Modeling-Partial Least Square (SEM-PLS) method. The results of the study show that the work environment, organizational culture and employee involvement have a positive and significant effect on the implementation of Lean Manufacturing. Lean Manufacturing, work environment, and organizational culture have a positive and significant effect on employee performance, employee involvement does not have a significant effect directly on employee performance. Meanwhile, the indirect influence of the work environment, organizational culture, and employee involvement has a positive and significant effect on employee performance through the mediation of Lean Manufacturing implementation. An important finding of this study is that Lean Manufacturing acts as a full mediator between employee engagement and employee performance. This research provides a theoretical contribution in integrating Socio-Technical Systems Theory (STS) and Social Exchange Theory (SET) in the context of the manufacturing industry in Indonesia, as well as providing practical implications for companies to integrate human factor management with Lean systems synergistically to improve organizational performance in a sustainable manner.
Keywords:
Organizational Culture Employee Engagement Employee Performance Lean Manufacturing Work EnvironmentReferences
Alkhoraif, A., & Mclaughlin, P. (2018). Organisational culture aspects that facilitate lean implementation: A pilot study. International Journal of Agile Systems and Management, 11(2).
Arbyan, A. C., & Riyanto, S. (2023). The influence of the work environment on employee performance. Journal of Organizational Management Studies, 19(2), 57–63. https://doi.org/10.14710/jsmo.v19i2.30560
Awan, S. H., Habib, N., Shoaib Akhtar, C., & Naveed, S. (2020). Effectiveness of the performance management system for employee performance through engagement. SAGE Open, 10(4). https://doi.org/10.1177/2158244020969383
Azmy, A., & Wiadi, I. (2023). The effect of job satisfaction and organizational culture on employee performance in autofinance business: The mediating role of organizational commitment. Management, 26(2), 86–119. https://doi.org/10.58691/man/161917
Bento, G. dos S., & Tontini, G. (2024). The effect of lean manufacturing practices on employees' well-being mediated by job characteristics. International Journal of Lean Six Sigma, 15(7), 1513–1529. https://doi.org/10.1108/IJLSS-11-2023-0192
Cadden, T., Millar, K., Treacy, R., & Humphreys, P. (2020). The mediating influence of organisational cultural practices in successful lean management implementation. International Journal of Production Economics, 229. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijpe.2020.107744
Capistrano, R. C. P., & Norona, M. I. (2020). Workplace design improvement for cable tray production in an electrical equipment company: A lean perspective. ACM International Conference Proceeding Series, 97–104. https://doi.org/10.1145/3396743.3396794
Cesário, F., & Chambel, M. J. (2017). Linking organizational commitment and work engagement to employee performance. Knowledge and Process Management, 24(2), 152–158. https://doi.org/10.1002/kpm.1542
Colim, A., Morgado, R., Carneiro, P., Costa, N., Faria, C., Sousa, N., Rocha, L. A., & Arezes, P. (2021). Lean manufacturing and ergonomics integration: Defining productivity and wellbeing indicators in a human–robot workstation. Sustainability, 13(4). https://doi.org/10.3390/su13041931
Darmayanti, P. A., Nurman, Dipoatmodjo, T. S., Tawe, A., & Haeruddin, M. I. M. (2023). The Influence of The Work Environment on Job Satisfaction of Samsat Office UPT Revenue Regional Region of Makassar 1. Economics and Business Journal (ECBIS), 1(4), 427–434. https://doi.org/10.47353/ecbis.v1i4.49
De Silva, D. P. I., & Seneviratne, S. C. (2022). Lean manufacturing and operational performance: An in-depth case study of an apparel manufacturing company in Sri Lanka. Journal of Accounting Research, Organization, and Economics, 5(1).
Devi, M. S., & Selvan, T. (2024). A study on the influence of workplace environment on employees' performance. International Journal of Management, 11(1). https://doi.org/10.34293/management.v11iS1
Esthi, R. B. (2020). Performance of employees: Individual characteristics and work environment in PT Kawai NIP. Journal of Research in Business, Economics, and Education, 2(1).
Fortuny-Santos, J., Ruiz-de-Arbulo-López, P., Zubeltzu-Jaka, E., & Lujan-Blanco, I. (2024). Lean manufacturing and environmental performance: A meta-analytic approach. International Journal of Lean Six Sigma.
Gaiardelli, P., Resta, B., & Dotti, S. (2019). Exploring the role of human factors in lean management. International Journal of Lean Six Sigma, 10(1), 339–366. https://doi.org/10.1108/IJLSS-08-2017-0094
Ghozali, I. (2011). Application of multivariate analysis with the IBM SPSS 19 program (5th ed.). Publishing Agency of Diponegoro University.
Hair, J. F., et al. (2019). Partial least squares structural equation modeling-based discrete choice modeling: An illustration in modeling retailer choice. Business Research, 12(1), 115–142.
Kamble, S., Gunasekaran, A., & Dhone, N. C. (2020). Industry 4.0 and lean manufacturing practices for sustainable organisational performance in Indian manufacturing companies. International Journal of Production Research, 58(5), 1319–1337. https://doi.org/10.1080/00207543.2019.1630772
Kumari, N., & Singh, D. (2018). Impact of organizational culture on employee performance. Prabandhan: Indian Journal of Management.
Kusuma, A. A. (2021a). Literature study: The effect of the working environment on employee performance. Business and Entrepreneurial Review, 21(1), 1–10. https://doi.org/10.25105/ber.v21i1.8239
Lima, B. F., Neto, J. V., Santos, R. S., & Caiado, R. G. G. (2023). A socio-technical framework for lean project management implementation towards sustainable value in the digital transformation context. Sustainability, 15(3). https://doi.org/10.3390/su15031756
Mahmud, M., Soetjipto, B. E., Mukhlis, I., & Sopiah. (2024). Workplace spirituality, organizational culture, and employee performance in Indonesian MSMEs. Journal of Logistics, Informatics and Service Science, 11(7), 362–394. https://doi.org/10.33168/JLISS.2024.0719
Maware, C., & Parsley, D. M. (2022). The challenges of lean transformation and implementation in the manufacturing sector. Sustainability, 14(10). https://doi.org/10.3390/su14106287
Memari, A., Panjehfouladgaran, H. R., Abdul Rahim, A. R., & Ahmad, R. (2022). The impact of lean production on operational performance: A case study. Asia-Pacific Journal of Business Administration, 16(3), 530–552. https://doi.org/10.1108/APJBA-04-2022-0190
Musa, C. I. (2024). Organizational Behavior Factors in the Implementation of Regional Financial Accounting Systems. Economics and Business Journal (ECBIS), 2(5), 463–468. https://doi.org/10.47353/ecbis.v2i5.155
Naqshbandi, M. M., Farhana Said, T., & Hisa, A. (2024). Organizational effectiveness: The role of culture and work engagement. Management Decision, 62(11), 3633–3658. https://doi.org/10.1108/MD-11-2023-2180
Nadirah Roslin, E., et al. (2019). The impact of employee involvement and empowerment in lean manufacturing system implementation on organizational performance. International Journal on Advanced Science Engineering Information Technology, 9(1).
Nurlina, N. (2021). Implications of internal factors and employee intrinsic motivation on employee performance. Journal of Business Management, 8(1).
Paredes-Saavedra, M., et al. (2024). Work team effectiveness. Administrative Sciences, 14(11). https://doi.org/10.3390/admsci14110280
Pham, V. K., Vu, T. N. Q., Phan, T. T., & Nguyen, N. A. (2024). The impact of organizational culture on employee performance. Sustainability, 16(15). https://doi.org/10.3390/su16156366
Pratiwi, A. E., Sahabuddin, R., Musa, M. I., Burhanuddin, & Natsir, U. D. (2026). The Effect of Work Discipline and Cooperation On Performance Through The Work Environment as a Mediating Variable: Case Study on Samsat Employees of UPT Revenue in Gowa Regency. Economics and Business Journal (ECBIS), 4(3), 685–696. https://doi.org/10.47353/ecbis.v4i3.316
Prilatama, A., Murwani, F. D., & Winarno, A. (2025). The influence of leader-member exchange on employee performance. Journal of Applied Business, Taxation and Economics Research, 4(3), 395–415. https://doi.org/10.54408/jabter.v4i3.364
Putri Audina, Siti Hasbiah, Zainal Ruma, Agung Widhi Kurniawan, & Uhud Darmawan Natsir. (2023). The Influence of Work Motivation and Discipline on The Performance of Employees in Garanangkeke Sub-District, Bantaeng District. Economics and Business Journal (ECBIS), 1(4), 389–398. https://doi.org/10.47353/ecbis.v1i4.46
Ramírez-Zavala, M. R., et al. (2024). Factors that impact work teams in lean implementation. Applied Sciences, 14(3). https://doi.org/10.3390/app14031017
Riyanto, S., Endri, E., & Herlisha, N. (2021). Effect of work motivation and job satisfaction on employee performance. Problems and Perspectives in Management, 19(3), 162–174. https://doi.org/10.21511/ppm.19(3).2021.14
Sahoo, S. (2020). Lean manufacturing practices and performance. International Journal of Quality and Reliability Management, 37(5), 732–754. https://doi.org/10.1108/IJQRM-03-2019-0099
Setiawan, D., Winarno, A., & Churiyah, M. (2024). Work stress and work environment on employee performance. Path of Science, 10(7), 4001–4013. https://doi.org/10.22178/pos.106-9
Shahidi, H., Ali, K. A. M., & Idris, F. (2024). Perceived organizational culture and employee performance. Evidence-Based HRM, 12(2), 305–335. https://doi.org/10.1108/EBHRM-07-2022-0175
Simakhajornboon, P., Phuthong, T., & Srisuksa, N. (2024). Organizational culture and employee performance. International Journal of Advanced and Applied Sciences, 11(4), 72–84. https://doi.org/10.21833/ijaas.2024.04.009
Špoljarić, A., & Verčič, D. (2023). Social exchange quality indicators on employee engagement. Emerald Publishing. https://doi.org/10.1108/s2398-391420230000006008
Sopiah, S., Sangadji, E. M., & Islami, M. I. (2024). Flexible HRM and firm innovativeness. Quality - Access to Success, 25(198), 132–140. https://doi.org/10.47750/QAS/25.198.14
Sukmara, A. R., & Sukmayadi. (2025). The effect of the work environment on employee performance. EKOMA: Journal of Economics, 4(2). https://doi.org/10.56799/ekoma.v4i2.7072
Sunyoto, S., Pratikto, H., Sudarmiatin, S., & Sopiah, S. (2023). Innovation ability mediates organizational culture. International Journal of Applied Economics, Finance and Accounting, 16(2), 355–366. https://doi.org/10.33094/ijaefa.v16i2.1001
Tiwari, P., Sadeghi, J. K., & Eseonu, C. (2020). Sustainable lean production framework. Journal of Cleaner Production, 277. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2020.123078
Tortorella, G. L., et al. (2021). Organisational culture and leadership styles in lean implementation. Production Planning and Control, 32(15), 1282–1294. https://doi.org/10.1080/09537287.2020.1799255
Trubetskaya, A., Manto, D., & McDermott, O. (2022). Lean adoption in the MedTech industry. Proceedings, 10(2). https://doi.org/10.3390/pr10020391
Vermeulen, T., Scheepers, C. B., & Scheepers, C. (2020). Mediating effect of perceived organisational support. SA Journal of Human Resource Management. https://doi.org/10.4102/sajhrm
Wahjoedi, T. (2021). The effect of organizational culture on employee performance. Management Science Letters. https://doi.org/10.5267/j.msl.2021.3.004
Wardiansyah, D. R., Indrawati, N. K., & Kurniawati, D. T. (2024). Employee engagement on job performance. International Journal of Research in Business and Social Science, 13(1), 220–231. https://doi.org/10.20525/ijrbs.v13i1.3133
Winarno, A., & Zulaikah. (2021). Administrative literacy on employee performance. Community Empowerment. https://doi.org/10.1201/9781003189206-17
Yadav, G., Luthra, S., Huisingh, D., Mangla, S. K., Narkhede, B. E., & Liu, Y. (2020). Development of a lean manufacturing framework. Journal of Cleaner Production, 245. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2019.118726
Yudiarsa, I. N., Yuniningsih, & Swasti , I. K. (2025). The Influence of Competence and Work Experience on The performance of The People’s Economy Bank With Democratic Leadership as an Intervening Variable. Economics and Business Journal (ECBIS), 3(6), 571–584. https://doi.org/10.47353/ecbis.v3i6.242
Zhenjing, G., Chupradit, S., Ku, K. Y., Nassani, A. A., & Haffar, M. (2022). Impact of workplace environment on employees' performance. Frontiers in Public Health, 10. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpubh.2022.890400
Zondo, R. W. D., & Zondo, R. (2020). Employee engagement and labour productivity. South African Journal of Economic and Management Sciences. https://doi.org/10.4102/sajems
Zufri, M. S., Tridayanti, H., & Suyono, J. (2024). Organizational culture and performance. Innovation Research Journal, 5(2), 186–195.
License
Copyright (c) 2026 Radittya Mahasputra Antara, Agung Winarno, Sopiah
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.
Downloads
How to Cite
