Economics and Business Journal (ECBIS)

Procurement Liberation: How School Districts are Cutting 47% of Purchasing Waste by 2025

Simon Suwanzy Dzreke — 2025-10-09

A mid-sized school district could achieve annual savings of $2.3 million—sufficient to support significant teacher salary increases—by streamlining procurement processes and reducing the number of suppliers from 87 to 12. This practical success reflects the operational rigor of enterprise models, exemplified by Walmart Business, which has been successfully tailored for K-12 education. The study indicates a systemic crisis. Sixty-eight percent of U.S. districts experience a 19% loss of their non-payroll budgets due to procurement inefficiencies, resulting in significant financial losses for classrooms attributed to fragmented purchasing and compliance deficiencies. The study employs a rigorous mixed-methods analysis, incorporating in-depth case studies from 35 districts, a national survey of 300 procurement officers, and comprehensive spend analytics, to illustrate the transformative outcomes associated with enhanced procurement maturity. Consolidated purchasing platforms reduce processing costs by 53% and capture 92% of rebates. Additionally, the new Procurement Simplicity Scorecard predicts 79% efficiency gains, offering leaders a practical diagnostic tool. This study presents two validated innovations: the K-12 Procurement Maturity Model, which delineates a phased progression from fragmentation to strategic excellence, and the Zero-Waste Playbook, which details tactical measures for waste elimination. The evidence indicates that reengineering procurement is not merely an administrative concern; it represents a significant, frequently neglected mechanism for generating billions in savings by 2025. These funds have the potential to enhance arts programs, update outdated STEM laboratories, and recruit and retain high-quality educators. This research offers a definitive framework for districts aiming to transform waste into opportunities for equity.

Analysis of Human Resource Competency in Improving Employee Performance in The Department Communication and Informatics of Gunungsitoli City

Nidasari Lase — 2025-11-16

This study aims to analyze human resource competencies in improving employee performance at the Communication and Information Agency of Gunungsitoli City. Employee competencies, both in terms of technical knowledge, communication skills, and work attitudes, are important factors in determining the success of implementing government duties, especially in the digital era and the implementation of the Electronic-Based Government System (SPBE). This study uses a qualitative approach with data collection techniques through in-depth interviews, observation, and documentation. The results show that most employees have adequate technical skills in operating information technology devices, and demonstrate discipline and responsibility in carrying out their duties. The Communication and Information Agency has also exceeded several strategic performance targets, including improving digital services, public participation, and increasing the SPBE index value. This study recommends the importance of increasing regular training, updating digital infrastructure, and strengthening the competency-based performance evaluation system. Overall findings indicate that the development of HR competencies has a significant contribution to achieving effective, efficient, and adaptive institutional performance to the demands of the digital era.

From Justice To Jazz: Exploring The Improvisational Flow Of Support And Citizenship Behaviour In The Hospitality Industry

Tenri Sayu Puspitaningsih Dipoatmodjo — 2025-11-16

This study aims to analyze the effect of Procedural Justice on Organizational Citizenship Behaviour (OCB) through Perceived Organizational Support (POS) among hotel employees in Makassar City. The research is motivated by the declining extra-role behaviors of employees, which affect service quality, allegedly driven by perceived procedural injustice and low organizational support. Using a quantitative approach and Partial Least Squares Structural Equation Modeling (PLS-SEM), data were collected through questionnaires from employees of three- to five-star hotels. The results reveal that Procedural Justice has a positive and significant effect on both POS and OCB, directly and indirectly. Moreover, POS functions as both a mediator and a moderator, strengthening the relationship between procedural justice and OCB. The R² and Q² values indicate a high explanatory and predictive relevance, while the Goodness of Fit Index confirms the empirical adequacy of the model. These findings support the Social Exchange Theory (Blau, 1964) and Organizational Support Theory (Eisenberger et al., 1986), asserting that fairness and organizational support foster reciprocal relationships that motivate employees to engage in voluntary, extra-role behaviors. This study contributes theoretically by extending the application of social exchange theory within the hospitality context and provides practical implications for hotel management to enhance procedural justice and organizational support as strategies to improve employees’ organizational citizenship behaviour.

The Effect of Seasonal Cycles and Fish Price Fluctuations on Financial Literacy of Fishermen In Sifalaete Ulu Village, Gunungsitoli District

Masnia Zebua — 2025-11-23

The purpose of this study is to analyze, partially and simultaneously, the influence of seasonal cycles and fish price fluctuations on the financial literacy of fishermen in Sifalaete Ulu Village. Partially, this study aims to determine the effect of seasonal cycles on fishermen's financial literacy, as well as the effect of fish price fluctuations on fishermen's financial literacy. Simultaneously, this study aims to determine the effect of both variables together on fishermen's financial literacy. This study used a quantitative approach with data collected through questionnaires from 57 active fishermen. Data were analyzed using multiple linear regression to test the partial and simultaneous effects. The results show that partially, seasonal cycles have a negative and significant effect on fishermen's financial literacy, while fish price fluctuations have a positive and significant effect on fishermen's financial literacy. Simultaneously, seasonal cycles and fish price fluctuations have a significant effect on fishermen's financial literacy. Income uncertainty due to these two factors causes fishermen to experience difficulties in financial planning, lack savings or emergency funds, and tend to rely on debt. In addition, low levels of education and minimal financial literacy training also hinder effective financial management

Analysis of The Use of Facebook Digital Promotion Media To Increase Sales of UD Tahu Murni Products in Gunungsitoli City

Petrus Lase — 2025-11-23

This study aims to determine how social media is utilized Facebookas a digital promotional tool at UD. Tahu Murni in Gunungsitoli City, and to identify factors that hinder the effectiveness of such promotions in increasing sales. The background of this study is the increasingly rapid development of information technology that encourages micro, small, and medium enterprises (MSMEs) to utilize digital media as a more efficient promotional strategy and reach a wider market. The research method used is a qualitative approach with data collection techniques through observation, in-depth interviews, and documentation. The research informants consisted of business owners and several consumers. The data obtained were analyzed using thematic analysis methods. The results of the study indicate that the use of Facebook as a promotional medium by UD. Tahu Murni has not been optimally implemented. The promotional content uploaded is still simple, inconsistent, and has not utilized strategic features such as paid advertising (Facebook Ads), customer interaction, and social media analytics. The main inhibiting factors in optimizing promotions through Facebook are the business owner's limited digital knowledge, limited time, and the lack of a workforce focused on digital marketing. This study recommends that business actors improve their understanding and skills in social media management, utilize digital promotional features optimally, and develop attractive and consistent content strategies to reach more consumers.

The Relationship Between Learning Styles and Learning Motivation Towards Academic Achievement of Students of The Faculty Of Economics and Business, State University of Makassar

Abdul Rahman — 2025-11-24

This study aims to determine the effect of learning styles on academic achievement, the effect of learning motivation on academic achievement, and the effect of learning styles and learning motivation on academic achievement. Sampling was carried out using a simple purposive sampling technique so that 44 students were obtained. Data collection used an online questionnaire. Data analysis used multiple linear regression analysis. The results of the study showed that the partial test (t-test) concluded that learning styles had a significant effect on academic achievement and learning motivation had a significant effect on academic achievement. Based on the F test, it was concluded that learning styles and learning motivation jointly influenced the learning achievement of FEB students at Makassar State University. Therefore, teachers are advised to analyze student learning styles in determining teaching methods and always motivate students to increase the intensity of their learning efforts.

Analysis of Human Resource Planning in Facing Challenges in The Digital Era at State Vocational School 2 Gunungsitoli, Gunungsitoli City

Jepi Masa Mendrofa — 2025-11-24

This study aims to analyze human resource (HR) management planning, identify obstacles, and formulate efforts to support the digitalization of school management. The study used a qualitative descriptive approach with in-depth interviews, observation, and documentation techniques with the principal, vice principal, teachers, and administrative staff. The results showed that HR planning at SMK Negeri 2 Gunungsitoli was carried out through three main steps: (1) needs analysis and preparation of technology-based teacher formation, (2) competency mapping and identification of information and communication technology (ICT) training needs, and (3) empowerment of teachers and staff through workshops, mentoring, and discussion forums. Obstacles faced included limited digital literacy among teachers and staff, unequal network access, and resistance to changes in technology-based learning methods. Efforts made by the school included providing digital literacy training, optimizing available devices and networks, utilizing offline learning applications, and creating a work culture that is adaptive to innovation. This study concluded that targeted HR planning, infrastructure support, and continuous competency development are important factors in realizing effective digital transformation in schools. These findings are expected to be useful for SMK Negeri 2 Gunungsitoli, other educational institutions, and further researchers in developing digitalization strategies for school management.

Data Driven Marketing in Real Estate: Forecasting House Prices and Uncovering Influential Factors

Intania Prabadianti — 2025-11-25

In recent years, the housing market has faced significant challenges, including fluctuating prices and declining sales. To solve this issue, there was an increasing need for more sophisticated methods to predict housing prices accurately. This study aimed to provide real estate marketers with a tool to enhance their pricing tactics and mitigate the decline in home sales by predicting house prices using machine learning techniques. Several parameters were considered in this study, such as location, number of bedrooms, number of bathrooms, land area, building area, and number of carports. Linear regression and neural network methods were used to develop predictive models. The findings showed that the neural network method was more accurate than linear regression, which made it a better tool for real estate pricing strategies, with land area and number of carports being the most influential aspects in house price prediction.

Digital Entrepreneurial Mindset Development: Strategies to Increase the Economic Competitiveness of Indonesia's Gen Z in the E-Commerce Era

Ilma Wulansari Hasdiansa — 2025-11-26

This systematic literature review (SLR) article discusses the role of e-commerce education to increase the economic growth of generation z (Gen Z) in Indonesia. The purpose of this study is to determine aspects of e-commerce education to support the economic growth of Gen Z in Indonesia. E-commerce education is understood as a place to form the right self-potential to improve Gen Z's digital skills. The method of writing a systematic literature review (SLR) article is a library research method sourced from the Scopus database. The results of this literature review study found that e-commerce education integrated with industry can create Gen Z who have skills in managing digital technology, creativity, and are able to adapt according to the job market. The implications of this study are to encourage the government, academics, and industry players to assist Gen Z through e-commerce education so that their potential becomes a source of economic growth in Indonesia in the future.

The Influence of Financial Literacy and Financial Inclusion on The Performance of Msmes in Kediri City

Dika Dimas Putra — 2025-11-26

Micro, Small, and Medium Enterprises (MSMEs) play a vital role in Indonesia's economy, yet many face challenges such as limited capital, inadequate financial literacy, and restricted access to financial services, which hinder their growth and competitiveness. This study aims to analyze the influence of financial literacy and financial inclusion on MSME performance in Kediri City, focusing on entrepreneurs who received government capital assistance in 2024. Using a quantitative approach, data were collected from 100 MSME owners through purposive sampling, with questionnaires as the primary instrument. Statistical analyses, including multiple linear regression, t-tests, F-tests, and classical assumption tests, were conducted using SPSS 24. The results reveal that both financial literacy and financial inclusion have positive and significant effects on MSME performance, with the two variables jointly explaining 71% of performance variation. These findings indicate that improving financial knowledge and expanding access to financial services can substantially enhance MSME productivity, competitiveness, and sustainability. The study highlights the importance of targeted financial education and inclusive financial policies to strengthen the resilience and long-term growth of MSMEs in regional economies

Local Knowledge And Social Capital As Financial Buffers: Understanding MSMEs Risk Mitigation Strategies In Indonesia

Andi Mustika Amin — 2025-11-27

Micro, small, and medium enterprises (MSMEs) in developing countries like Indonesia are highly vulnerable to financial risks yet often lack formal risk-management practices, relying instead on personal experience, intuition, and culturally rooted local practices to navigate financial uncertainty. This study aimed to identify MSME owners' perceptions of financial risks, explore informal mitigation strategies based on local experience and community practices, analyze the influence of cultural norms and social networks, and propose a contextually grounded problem-solving framework. Employing a qualitative research design, the study used in-depth semi-structured interviews, direct observations, and document analysis with MSME owners, and analyzed the data using thematic analysis and triangulation to ensure credibility. The results revealed three primary financial risk-mitigation strategies: adaptive cash-flow management, reliance on social capital and local economic networks, and experiential diversification driven by local market knowledge. The findings demonstrate that MSMEs develop resilience through culturally embedded practices and social structures, confirming that interventions should leverage existing informal mechanisms and integrate culturally compatible tools rather than imposing rigid formal frameworks.

Customer Service Automation Through Ai-Powered CRM: Impact On Marketing Target Accuracy

Wiwin Riski Windarsari — 2025-12-05

This study addresses the limitations of traditional Customer Relationship Management (CRM) systems by analyzing the adoption and impact of Artificial Intelligence (AI) integration (AI-Powered CRM). Informed by the Technology Acceptance Model (TAM) for employee perception and the Resource-Based View (RBV) for strategic capability, the primary objective is to evaluate how AI-driven automation enhances customer service processes and, subsequently, impacts marketing efficiency. The research employs an exploratory qualitative case study design, utilizing in-depth interviews, document analysis, and system observation on a single organization to gather rich, contextual data. The results demonstrate that AI integration significantly accelerated service, with chatbots handling 65–70% of routine queries and drastically reducing response times. Operationally, these improvements fostered high employee acceptance (TAM). Strategically, the AI-Powered CRM generated refined predictive analytics, resulting in a 12–18% improvement in campaign conversion rates and efficient resource allocation, confirming that AI creates a valuable and difficult-to-imitate strategic capability (RBV). The study concludes that AI-Powered CRM is a critical enabler for both operational efficiency and long-term strategic competitiveness in digital markets.

Production Optimization Through the Material Requirement Planning (MRP) Method in The Nias Tofu Product Business in Onomamolo Village I Lot

Solfin Desmeni Mendrofa — 2025-11-29

The main objective of this study is to compare and analyze the effectiveness of the MRP (Material Requirement Planning) method in optimizing raw material inventory management in the Nias Tofu business. This study uses a mixed method. Primary data in this study were obtained directly from the Nias Tofu business through observations and interviews, while secondary data were obtained from the company in the form of production data from the Nias Tofu Product business in 2024. Data analysis was conducted using descriptive analysis techniques and the steps taken in the method analysis.MRP. According to the analysis results, the 2024 soybean raw material purchasing and demand data using the conventional method showed a shortage of raw materials of 14,200 kg with an order frequency of 14 times. Inventory management experienced inefficiencies, namely storage costs of IDR 1,600,000 and ordering costs of IDR 400,000, and raw material shortages still occurred, while the application of the MRP method resulted in order planning with an order frequency of 6 times, a fixed order quantity of 16,784 kg, and a much lower total inventory cost of IDR 335,160. The implementation of the MRP method has proven successful in eliminating raw material shortages and reducing operational costs so that the production process runs more smoothly and efficiently. This study proves that the application of MRP is effective in managing raw materials and optimizing production in the Nias Tofu business, making a significant contribution to smooth production and inventory cost efficiency.

Analysis of Promotion Mix and Place in Increasing Sales at Murai Coffee Gunungsitoli

Wildan Syariah Farasi — 2025-11-28

This research is motivated by the phenomenon of cafe business competition in Gunungsitoli City, which demands effective marketing strategies, particularly in the utilization of promotional mixes and business location selection. The purpose of the study is to analyze how promotional mixes and location aspects play a role in increasing sales at Murai Coffee Gunungsitoli. The research method used is a qualitative approach with data collection techniques through interviews, observation, and documentation. The research informants consisted of the owner, employees, and customers of Murai Coffee. Data were analyzed using the Miles and Huberman model, which includes data reduction, data presentation, and conclusion drawing. The results show that Murai Coffee has implemented promotional strategies such as simple advertising, sales promotions, personal selling, public relations, and direct marketing that gradually increase customer interest. Meanwhile, the location factor, although not located in the city center, still provides sales opportunities through a comfortable atmosphere and quality service. However, challenges are still found in the comfort aspect, such as noise from outside and hot room temperatures, so that improvements to supporting facilities are needed. This research is useful for Murai Coffee in designing more optimal promotional strategies and location arrangements, for Nias University as a contribution to the development of marketing science, and as a reference for future researchers who want to study marketing strategies in the culinary sector.