FARMERS' MOTIVATION, DRIVING FACTORS AND INHIBITING FACTORS IN CLOVE CULTIVATION IN NORTH KOLAKA DISTRICT

Cloves have a significant role in economic development in Indonesia. The development of clove production and prices in Indonesia from 2003 - now fluctuates with a tendency to increase every year with an average growth rate of 1%. However, the price issue is the main problem in clove cultivation. This study aims to see how much the level of farmer motivation is related to clove cultivation and see the relationship between factors driving farmer motivation and the level of farmer motivation, and factors inhibiting farmer motivation and the level of motivation of farmers in North Kolaka Regency. This study used a qualitative approach by observing and interviewing farmers in North Kolaka district, while the number of informants in this study were 15 informants.


INTRODUCTION
Indonesia is known as a country with a myriad of regular activities in both the plantation and marine fields, with both sectors enjoying their special advantages.Particularly in the field of horticulture, Indonesia benefits significantly as there are stable normal conditions in which a variety of green plants can live and replenish agricultural produce in particular.This has resulted in a large proportion of Indonesia's population working as farmers.With Indonesia's rich natural resources, it should have the opportunity to become a prosperous nation and feed its population.
Although Indonesia's agriculture is still not ideal, it is closely related to the provinces, where it has a tremendous influence on the suitability of the urban environment.Working as a farmer is a choice, not living in city life, where the work is done without much knowledge, but can benefit from actual work.These basics can result in children being sent to school with unmonitored pocket money to address food, drink and clothing issues (Khairani, 2010).Clove (Syzigium aromaticum L) is a commercial crop with high economic value in Indonesia.
West Sumatra, North Sulawesi, and Maluku are frame centers in Indonesia.Efforts to revitalize clove cultivation continue to be carried out by providing development innovations to achieve improvement (Bulan, 2014).Clove is widely used as a modern ingredient in the manufacture of cigarette frames and in the medicinal industry as a rejuvenating balm.Primarily it was only used as medicine, but over time it was used more widely, especially as a flavoring, natural aroma, and source of eugenol (Bulan, 2014).The demand for cloves continues to increase, as it is an important raw material for work, a source of government business, a supply of modern unprocessed materials, agricultural wages, ecological security and local development agencies, and the country's clove trade is estimated to reach 3350 Million US dollars estimated (Anonymous, 2014).
Clove is one of the plants that can be utilized for various purposes, both as medicine and other modern purposes that really need calories as a natural ingredient.Furthermore, to get a quality clove crop, a good and correct development strategy is needed to achieve good quality.The cost of selling cloves is high, as indicated by the assumptions of clove suppliers.The commitment of the agricultural sector of the community is a picture of rural work in the economy in an independent region (district/city).The high and low commitment of the farm area is largely based on the representation of rural improvement in the independent area.
The planning of regional opportunities and the use of open doors and markets for speculative opportunities in the cultivation area through the independent area have a significant influence on the development of public agricultural space.The opportunities and possibilities of the Indonesian clove factory will be much greater in the future, given the growing interest in the frame both domestically and in the world market.Despite the recent decline in clove production, it is still an important commodity in Indonesia.Currently, Indonesia is both the largest producer and consumer of cloves in the world.
Two different countries that have potential as clove producers are Madagascar and Zanzibar (Tanzania) with a total production of around 20,000 to 27,000 tons per year.Agriculture is an important part of the total public economy.A large number of people live and work in the agricultural sector or in the public sector, ranging from horticulture, with the aim of improving the land concentrated in rural areas.Rural development is an integral part of public affairs.The promotion of the plantation sector is important because it is the field of work of most Indonesians in the field that relies on the family economy (Ramli, 2014).
Indonesia's agricultural areas, unlike other regions, are very diverse.Agricultural commodities are an unknown source of trade income for the country.They come from animal husbandry, including carnation plantations (Hendra, 2013).Neilikka is a very important property for the financial existence of the Indonesian people (Nella, 2004).Indonesia is the world's largest supplier of carob.In 2020, domestic production of carob reached 133,604 tons, according to the Food Horticulture Association (FAO).Cloves are one of Indonesia's driving products in the world market.Fires from Indonesia are not only used to meet domestic needs, but also to solve business problems.Data from the Ministry of Agriculture shows that the export volume of cloves from Indonesia was around 47.7 thousand tons in 2020.The volume increased 84% compared to 25.9 thousand tons in 2019.As reported by the Travel Industry and Innovation Economy Service, the cloves were exported in 2020.

METHOD
The research method used in this research is a qualitative approach.According to Sugiyono (2014: 15), qualitative research methods are research methods based on the philosophy of postpositivism, used in natural object conditions, where researchers are key instruments, sampling of data sources is done purposively and snowball triangulation collection techniques (combined), data analysis is inductive / qualitative.This research uses qualitative descriptive analysis techniques by collecting data by observation (observation) and interviews.And will be presented in the form of explanations, descriptions and describe the actual reality so that it becomes clear about the motivation, driving factors and inhibiting factors of clove crop cultivation in North Kolaka Regency.

RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
Working as a farmer is one of the alternatives to be able to maintain life, where this work is done by not using high knowledge, just physical labor.Therefore, farmers face many constraints of knowledge, inspiration, wealth, understanding and power.As a farmer, he usually has problems fulfilling basic needs such as clothing, food and shelter due to low wages in agriculture.Such conditions result in a total deficit in the area and difficulty in meeting basic daily needs.In this way, the daily living conditions in the place are taken into account in the amount of state aid.The language bench has several indices that are used as assessments, including: (1).Family wage level (2).Family use structure that considers use in food and other products (3).family education level (4).Family welfare level and (5).Living conditions and office needs of the family.

Farmer Motivation in Cultivating Clove Plants
Each farmer has a different motivation as a driver in conducting a farm.Farmer motivation is defined as a condition that encourages a person to carry out an action in order to achieve a goal.Based on the results of observations and interviews in the research process, there are several motivations from farmers in cultivating clove plants in North Kolaka Regency, such as:

Motivation to improve the economy
Financial inspiration is the requirement that drives farmers to deal with financial problems.Four signs are used to assess financial inspiration, namely the longing for daily life problems, the desire to earn a higher salary, the desire to save and accumulate, and the desire to continue to succeed or do better.Life.The main reason for establishing a framework for farmers in North Kolaka district is to meet the financial needs of the family.Looking at the results of the meeting of clove suppliers in the North Kolaka region, they believe that the price of cloves will last long before the increase and will remain at the level of previous years.It can be said that the inspiration of farmers in the development of clove crops in North Kolaka district is very high, as the main purpose is mainly economic work and taking care of family affairs.In addition, a large part of the income of farmers in this area is the clove crop

Sociological Motivation
Social motivation is the condition that encourages farmers to overcome social problems and cooperate with others because farmers live locally.The assessment of social motivation is based on five indicators.It can be expressed in the desire to expand contacts or partners, to help others, to strengthen compatibility, to exchange assumptions and to get support from different groups.It can be expressed in the desire to build relationships or partners, the desire to help others, the desire to increase compatibility, the desire to be able to make business decisions, and the desire to be at various meetings to receive help.regardless of whether the farm grows good crops.the desire is there, but with the development of the framework, farmers' friendly relations are getting closer.For example, after clove cultivation, a clove breeder group was formed.The presence of this farmer group is where they come to conclusions, stay in touch, help each other and seek support in various meetings.Local life certainly expects farmers to develop connections with others.
Humans as sociable beings cannot live alone, as they inevitably need others in their daily lives.The high level of humanistic inspiration in these respondents also shows the ways in which farmers can meet, collaborate and share data with others.Local life in the city is still very stressful, which is why their surveyed high social sensitivity farmers continue to develop the clove crop and have a lot of inspiration for its development.
It is clear that declining and changing clove prices in general do not lead to the cultivation of clove crops.Young and old farmers are open to the tremendous opportunity to help others develop the crop.Such cooperation can be between farmers, between farmers and traders, between farmers and extension workers, or with others.Farmers continue to develop cloves regardless of schooling.They develop according to their own desires with various considerations.They choose a good crop to develop, even if the cost is lower, but at the same time they develop other crops to solve their problems more easily.

Factors Encouraging Farmers in Cultivating Clove Plants
Push factors are factors that encourage so as to strengthen the occurrence of behavior.The results of observations and interviews related to the driving factors for farmers in cultivating clove plants in North Kolaka Regency are the economic environment and the benefits of clove plant cultivation.

Economic environmental factors
Accessibility of creative institutions and market assurance were mentioned as economic-ecological elements.This very important relationship is due to the accessibility of the branch office, making it easier for clove farmers to get the seeds and compost they need.What farmers then get encourages them to plant clove crops.The more availability of production facilities, the higher the encouragement of farmers.This is because the accessibility of production offices has an impact on farmers developing clove crops.Then there is the market that ensures the subsidization of the clove crop.For the promotion of cloves there is an agreement between traders and collectors, farmers are only limited to getting it.If there is no broker or collector in your town, the frames cannot be advertised.This makes breeders highly dependent on traders.

Profit factor
The clove plant has certainly been known for a long time and has been developed by farmers for centuries, but that does not affect the inspiration of farmers to grow the plant.There are many different reasons why farmers choose the key for their development.Assuming that the clove crop is feasible with neighboring cultures and assuming that the cooperation between traders and suppliers works, promotion is better because participation is one of the social societies that is innate in everyone who lives locally.The size of the land is one of the most important factors that affect how much the creation of development by farmers.
Even so, farmers with large and limited land can still grow clove crops.financially as well as with positive social effects, especially the possibility of strengthening friendships between farmers, so that great participation in farmers and in the area is organized.It can be said that salary has a great influence on the inspiration of farmers in the development of clove crops and there is a fairly close one-way relationship between these factors.clove, because clove crops can be cultivated in large or narrow land.

Farmers' Inhibiting Factors in Cultivating Clove Plants
Factors inhibiting farmers in cultivating clove plants in North Kolaka Regency include capital, pests and diseases, and the availability of farm business credit is very important to know to see the extent to which farmers can cultivate clove plants with various obstacles that exist.
1. Capital Capital is a creative factor that supports the further development of the company.Capital is divided into fixed capital and remote capital.Fixed capital refers to land, farm equipment, structures, etc.While current capital is the capital that can be changed in the present.such as seeds, fertilizers and medicines, labor and others.Cultivation requires government and family support.The source of capital can come from one's own property, bank loans and leases for a period of time until the borrower can repay it, so the owner of the capital limits the shares.Understand that capital is a pool of cash or products used to support a business.
Without capital, it is difficult for us to build the company we want.Based on observations and meetings with nearby farmers, the process of developing cloves requires a lot of capital.It starts with feeding the carnation flowers in the form of fertilizer, which costs around Rp. 130,000 -175,000 rupiah per bag, then compensating the labor cost of the teapot collection process, which is from 4,000 rupiah -6,000 rupiah per liter.It is therefore reasonable to assume that capital for farmers is a constraining component in the development of clove cultivation.

Pests and diseases
Viruses and diseases are among the fundamental variables that prevent the recovery of clove crops.Garrett (2006) states that the biggest influence in increasing pest infestation is in the agrobiological system, which can lead to changes in pest populations due to rising temperatures and changes in rainfall.Bonaro (2007) further noted that the factors affecting the development of irritants are environmental toxicity, temperature and certain air, either directly or indirectly, directly affecting the life cycle, character, life time and affecting the efficiency to eliminate faults.The disease can spread in plants through wind, water and insects.Insects can transmit infections, microbes, organisms and protozoa originating from certain plants.Environmental factors also affect the spread of infection.It may be due to ambient humidity and temperature.Pests and diseases have a tremendous influence on the development of clove plants.Therefore, control measures are necessary to reduce crop disturbance to a reasonably low level.In general, the pests that attack clove plants are borers, borers and leafminers.The attack of these irritants can result in disruption of plant development, decreased plant production, and even plant migration.

CONCLUSIONS
North Kolaka district is one of the regions in Southeast Sulawesi that has tremendous potential for various horticultural, marine and plantation organizations.The aforementioned plantations are similar to clove plants, which are nurtured under climatic conditions and ground office designs that meet the needs of cloves.The possibility to improve the management pattern in Kolaka Utara district is provided by growing conditions or areas with sufficient rainfall from time to time.Considering the fact that the environment of the North Kolako power corresponds to the conditions of the skeleton plant, the farmers in the Kolako Region decided to cultivate a good crop.The level of inspiration of farmers who develop heat lies in the high classification, mainly monetary and humanistic inspiration, economic inspiration, farmers cultivate clove plants to meet financial needs.Meanwhile, humanistic inspiration is also recognized with a high classification which considers that the establishment of clove flowers can provide positive socio-social effects.